Railroad+industry+2

=Railroad industry 2 =

Brandon Bittler and Nick Carlo
= AIR BRAKE = -In 1860 the first air brakes were developed by a young engineer named George Westinghouse. -To operate the brakes the engineer must pull a lever which will reduce the air pressure in the hose that connects all of the cars. This releases a valve of a air reservoir under the cars that let air flow into the brake cylinder which was located between the wheels. -The affect of this was that the pressurized air forced down onto a piston which forced the brakes against the wheels. So there for any accident that can can happen the air hose thus stops the train automaticaly

=PULLMAN SLEEPING CAR BLUEPRINT=

-The pullman strike was a cause started by the workers being underpaid and they also cut their wages by up to 25 percent. This took place after the panic of 1893, The plant closed the next day when the workers were ready to return t o their jobs the (ARU) American Railway Union took over. = = -The Pullman sleeping car was created by a cabinet maker named George Pullman in 1857, it was designed for overnight traveling this helped the industry by making traveling much more comfortable and easier to do.

=C. VANDERBILT=

-Cornelius Vanderbilt was an entrepreneur, an industrialist, and a very wealthy robber baron. - Vanderbilt was born at port Richmond, Staten Island, New York.

-Created the Interstate Commerce Commission, This was the first true federal regulatory agency. -This was designed to stop railroad abuse and discrimination
 * Interstate Commerce

Elkins Act (1903)** -The Elkins Act ended the practice of the railroads giving rebates to their most valued customers. This hurt Cornelius because he would no longer receive rebates for being a valued customer. -The Hepburn Act strengthened already existing railroad regulations. -This took away some freedom from C. Vanderbilt.
 * Hepburn Act** (**1906**)



Questions: 1. What year was the first air brake invented? Who invented it? 2.What year was the Hepburn Act? 3.What was the affects of the Elkins act? 4.What is your opinion on how C.Vanderbilt ran his Industry? 5. What was the cause of the Pullman Strike? http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwestinghouse.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Cornelius_Vanderbilt.aspx http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h921.html http://www.irs.gov/businesses/article/0,,id=175287,00.html http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/technology/railroad/equipment/airbrake.htm
 * 1865 || The "golden age" of railroads begins. For nearly half a century, no other mode of transportation challenges railroads. During these years, the rail network grows from 35,000 to a peak of 254,000 miles in 1916. || 1869 || On May 10, at Promontory, in the Utah Territory, the "Golden Spike" joins the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads, marking completion of the first transcontinental railroad. ||